直流調速器工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理簡(jian)述：系統(tong)采用三相半控(kong)(kong)(kong)雙閉環(huan)無靜(jing)差的直流(liu)調(diao)速系統(tong)，它(ta)的工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理是：速度(du)給(gei)定(ding)值(zhi)經過給(gei)定(ding)積(ji)分(fen)(fen)器對時間的積(ji)分(fen)(fen)后(hou)，變(bian)(bian)成一個按時間遞(di)增的給(gei)定(ding)訊號。它(ta)與(yu)速度(du)負(fu)反饋作(zuo)比(bi)較后(hou)，將差值(zhi)給(gei)速度(du)調(diao)節器作(zuo)比(bi)例(li)(li)積(ji)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)算，變(bian)(bian)成電(dian)(dian)流(liu)給(gei)定(ding)值(zhi)。再將這個電(dian)(dian)流(liu)給(gei)定(ding)值(zhi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)負(fu)反饋值(zhi)進行(xing)比(bi)較，給(gei)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)調(diao)節器作(zuo)比(bi)例(li)(li)積(ji)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)算，變(bian)(bian)成觸發角給(gei)定(ding)值(zhi)。此值(zhi)去(qu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制觸發角調(diao)整器輸(shu)出相對應的觸發脈沖去(qu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制可控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)，驅動直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)在給(gei)定(ding)速度(du)之下運(yun)行(xing)。現根(gen)據方(fang)框圖，我對電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運(yun)行(xing)的幾個狀態(tai)和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)的工(gong)作(zuo)過程作(zuo)一些簡(jian)述。

　　1、 啟動(dong)：當(dang)啟動(dong)指令還沒有發(fa)(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，整個系統所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)置(zhi)零(ling)觸(chu)(chu)頭部分(fen)(fen)(fen)都處于(yu)(yu)閉(bi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)狀態，這時(shi)(shi)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)積(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、速(su)(su)(su)(su)度調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)都為(wei)零(ling)，觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)脈(mo)沖(chong)被封鎖著，故可控硅不導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)停止(zhi)。當(dang)啟動(dong)時(shi)(shi)，按(an)(an)下氣(qi)動(dong)按(an)(an)鈕，給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)積(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、速(su)(su)(su)(su)度調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)置(zhi)零(ling)都被解(jie)除。由于(yu)(yu)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)積(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)作用，不管給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)什(shen)么位置(zhi)上，積(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)總(zong)是(shi)從(cong)零(ling)開(kai)始遞增，假(jia)如給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)900轉/分(fen)(fen)(fen)，那么經 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)，積(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)就穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)+3V。這個給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值與速(su)(su)(su)(su)度負反(fan)饋值比較，由于(yu)(yu)剛起動(dong)時(shi)(shi)，給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)與反(fan)饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差值很大，速(su)(su)(su)(su)度調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就很快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)有利于(yu)(yu)加速(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)上升，直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)飽和。預(yu)先調(diao)(diao)好速(su)(su)(su)(su)度調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限幅值，使(shi)(shi)放大器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)為(wei)+1V時(shi)(shi)，相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)反(fan)饋值50A，+3V相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)150A(1.3倍額定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就輸(shu)出(chu)相對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)維持在(zai)1.3倍額定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)起動(dong)，直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)(su)度接近900轉/分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)，速(su)(su)(su)(su)度給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值與速(su)(su)(su)(su)度反(fan)饋值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差才(cai)趨向(xiang)很小，速(su)(su)(su)(su)度調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)從(cong)飽和區進(jin)入線性區，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也隨著減少。直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)(su)度與給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)相等時(shi)(shi)，速(su)(su)(su)(su)度調(diao)(diao)節器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)停止(zhi)積(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)給(gei)(gei)(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)(su)度下負載所需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)運行。

　　2、 穩(wen)態(tai)運行：系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)穩(wen)態(tai)運行時，UG-UF=0，也就(jiu)是說速度給(gei)定與反饋應該是相(xiang)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)，只(zhi)要(yao)UG≠UF，存在(zai)著偏差(cha)，不管這個(ge)偏差(cha)多么(me)微小，由于(yu)速度調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)器是一個(ge)比例積(ji)分環(huan)節(jie)(jie)，就(jiu) 要(yao)對這個(ge)便差(cha)進行積(ji)分，對系(xi)統(tong)作調(diao)(diao)整，直到(dao)偏差(cha)被(bei) 才停止調(diao)(diao)整。由此可見，本系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉速無差(cha)度是由速度調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)開環(huan)放大倍數(shu)、積(ji)分電容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漏電電流大小、 發電機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能等因素決(jue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

　　3、 負(fu)載突(tu)加：假設系(xi)統在某個時(shi)刻之前以某一(yi)速(su)度空載運行，此(ci)時(shi)UG=UF。在某個時(shi)刻，電(dian)機(ji)(ji)突(tu)然加額定負(fu)載，此(ci)時(shi)，電(dian)機(ji)(ji)經一(yi)小的時(shi)間常(chang)數之后(hou)速(su)度下(xia)降，就(jiu)使速(su)度給定減(jian)去速(su)度反饋大于(yu)零，于(yu)是(shi)速(su)度調(diao)節器就(jiu)向著有利于(yu)加速(su)度的方向調(diao)整(zheng)，直到(dao)速(su)度反饋與給定相等時(shi)為止，于(yu)是(shi)系(xi)統又(you)達到(dao)了新的穩定。可見(jian)，無差(cha)調(diao)節系(xi)統對負(fu)載的變化(hua)來說，經過一(yi)個很短的時(shi)間調(diao)整(zheng)之后(hou)，依(yi)然是(shi)無差(cha)的。

　　4、 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)， 就意(yi)味著(zhu)加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞兩端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有(you)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)可能(neng)(neng)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，也意(yi)味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)有(you)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)可能(neng)(neng)，這(zhe)(zhe)就使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機產生了加速、減速的(de)力矩，采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)負反饋后，只要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，就會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給定不(bu)等于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)反饋，這(zhe)(zhe)就使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調(diao)節器進行調(diao)整(zheng)，把觸發(fa)脈沖的(de)相位(wei)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)下，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保持不(bu)變。所以當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，在還沒(mei)有(you)引起速度波(bo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)時候，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)環就能(neng)(neng)調(diao)整(zheng)完畢。

　　5、 堵(du)(du)轉(zhuan)：當電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負載(zai)過(guo)大，超過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)載(zai)能力時(本系(xi)(xi)統整(zheng)定在(zai)(zai)1.3倍(bei))或電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)負載(zai)發生(sheng)故障，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)被(bei)(bei)卡住(zhu)時，這就發生(sheng)了堵(du)(du)轉(zhuan)，這時如不(bu)采取(qu)措施，就會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu) 的(de)(de)(de)(de) ，燒壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)或快速熔斷保險，造成(cheng)事故。現在(zai)(zai)系(xi)(xi)統采用(yong)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)負反饋，就較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決了這個矛盾。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)負載(zai)過(guo)大，使(shi)轉(zhuan)速急劇(ju)下降(jiang)，于是給(gei)定遠大于速度(du)給(gei)定，速度(du)調節器飽和，由于它(ta)有限副作(zuo)用(yong)，故輸出等(deng)于-3V這個-3V正好(hao)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)反饋值(zhi)1.3倍(bei)相(xiang)等(deng)，于是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就被(bei)(bei)限制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)1.3倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這時，不(bu)管電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速怎樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降(jiang)，即使(shi)到零，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)還(huan)是被(bei)(bei)限制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)此值(zhi)。

　　以上(shang)就(jiu)是 小編為大家介紹的關于直流(liu)調速器(qi)的工作原理，希望可以幫助(zhu)到大家!